Which hormone regulates metabolic processes and is produced by the thyroid gland?

The hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolic processes is thyroxine. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism, influencing how the body uses energy. Thyroxine increases the metabolic rate and is essential for the growth and development of tissues. It also helps regulate various bodily functions, including heart rate, temperature, and overall energy levels.

The thyroid gland releases thyroxine in response to signals from the pituitary gland, which is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A balance of thyroxine is vital for maintaining a healthy metabolism; too little can lead to hypothyroidism, characterized by fatigue and weight gain, while too much can result in hyperthyroidism, leading to weight loss and increased heart rates.

Other hormones mentioned, such as testosterone, estrogen, and prolactin, serve different roles in the body. Testosterone is primarily involved in male reproductive functions, estrogen in female reproductive health, and prolactin in lactation. None of these hormones directly regulate metabolic processes in the same way that thyroxine does.